High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is a common health condition that affects millions worldwide. In the UK alone, it’s estimated that around one in three adults has high blood pressure, yet many remain undiagnosed. Hypertension occurs when the force of blood against the walls of the arteries is consistently too high, causing strain on the blood vessels and the heart. Over time, this increased pressure can lead to serious health issues, including heart attacks, strokes, and kidney disease.
Monitoring blood pressure is essential, especially for those at a higher risk, such as individuals with a family history of heart disease, those over 40, people who are overweight, or individuals with a sedentary lifestyle. Regular check-ups can help detect hypertension early, making it easier to manage and reduce the risk of complications. Taking control of blood pressure through regular monitoring and a healthy lifestyle can significantly impact long-term health and quality of life.
What is high blood pressure?
High blood pressure, or hypertension, is when the force of blood flowing through your blood vessels is consistently higher than it should be. Blood pressure is measured using two numbers: systolic and diastolic. The top number, systolic pressure, represents the pressure in your arteries when your heart beats, while the bottom number, diastolic pressure, represents the pressure between beats when the heart rests. A normal blood pressure reading is generally around 120/80 mmHg, though this can vary slightly. Readings consistently above 140/90 mmHg are usually classified as high blood pressure.
“Blood pressure is a critical health indicator because it reflects how well the cardiovascular system is functioning. High blood pressure puts extra strain on the heart, blood vessels, and other organs, increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, and kidney issues. Over time, hypertension can damage blood vessels, leading to plaque buildup, hardened arteries, and reduced blood flow, all of which can severely impact health if left unmanaged.” says Dr Tang, our private GP.
Types of high blood pressure
There are different types of high blood pressure, each with unique characteristics:
Primary (essential) hypertension: The most common form, with no specific underlying cause. It typically develops over time and is influenced by factors like lifestyle and genetics.
Secondary hypertension: Caused by another medical condition, such as kidney disease, sleep apnea, or hormone disorders, and it often requires treating the underlying issue to manage blood pressure effectively.
Masked hypertension: Blood pressure appears normal in a clinical setting but is elevated when measured outside, often due to stress or lifestyle factors.
Sustained hypertension: Blood pressure remains consistently high both in clinical and non-clinical settings, indicating a more serious, ongoing condition that needs careful management.
Each type requires different strategies for monitoring and management, underscoring the importance of regular blood pressure checks.
Symptoms of high blood pressure
High blood pressure is often referred to as a “silent killer” because it typically has no obvious symptoms, even when dangerously high. However, in some cases, certain signs may suggest elevated blood pressure levels. “It’s essential to be aware of these potential indicators, as they can signal that your heart and blood vessels are under stress.” says Dr Tang. If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, particularly if they’re recurring, visiting a GP for a blood pressure check is crucial.
Headaches
Frequent or severe headaches, particularly at the base of the skull, can sometimes be a sign of high blood pressure. While occasional headaches are normal, persistent headaches that worsen over time could suggest hypertension.
Chest pain
Chest pain can be a warning sign that the heart is under strain, particularly when blood pressure is elevated. High blood pressure forces the heart to work harder, which can result in discomfort or pain.
Shortness of breath
Shortness of breath, especially during light activities, can signal high blood pressure. The heart may struggle to supply enough oxygen-rich blood to meet the body's needs.
Vision problems
Blurred or impaired vision can be another indicator of high blood pressure. Hypertension can damage the small blood vessels in the eyes, reducing blood flow and leading to changes in vision.
Nosebleeds
Frequent or unexplained nosebleeds can occasionally be associated with high blood pressure, particularly when blood pressure is significantly elevated.
If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms or have concerns about your blood pressure, visiting a GP is an important step in managing your health. Early detection and monitoring can help you manage blood pressure before it leads to more serious complications.
Causes of high blood pressure
High blood pressure, or hypertension, can develop for various reasons, often a combination of hereditary and lifestyle factors. While some people are genetically predisposed to high blood pressure, lifestyle choices and certain health conditions can significantly increase the risk. Understanding these factors can help in managing and preventing hypertension.
Genetic factors
Family history plays a significant role in high blood pressure. If close relatives, such as parents or siblings, have hypertension, the likelihood of developing it increases.
Diet and exercise
Poor dietary habits and lack of exercise are some of the most common lifestyle-related causes of high blood pressure. A diet high in salt, processed foods, and unhealthy fats can increase blood pressure. Physical inactivity compounds this effect, as it makes the heart work harder to pump blood.
Lifestyle choices
Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can increase blood pressure by damaging blood vessels and making them less flexible. Reducing or quitting smoking, limiting alcohol intake, and managing stress can help improve blood pressure.
Age and gender
As people age, their risk of developing high blood pressure naturally increases. Men are more likely to develop high blood pressure earlier in life, while women tend to experience a rise in blood pressure after menopause.
Underlying health conditions
Conditions like diabetes, kidney disease, and hormonal disorders can contribute to secondary hypertension. Managing these conditions can help control blood pressure.
By understanding the causes of high blood pressure, individuals can make informed choices to reduce their risk and maintain healthier blood pressure levels.
What are the risks of high blood pressure
High blood pressure, if left unaddressed, can have serious consequences for overall health, as it puts extra strain on the heart, blood vessels, and other organs. Over time, elevated blood pressure can lead to several cardiovascular issues, increasing the risk of heart attack, stroke, and coronary artery disease. The force of high blood pressure can damage artery walls, making them more susceptible to plaque buildup and narrowing, which restricts blood flow and raises the risk of blockages.
Additionally, high blood pressure can impact other organs, such as the kidneys and brain. For example, kidney disease can occur as blood vessels in the kidneys are damaged, impairing their ability to filter waste efficiently. In the brain, reduced blood flow from high blood pressure can increase the likelihood of strokes and cognitive issues.
Although these risks are serious, it’s important to remember that high blood pressure is manageable. Early detection and lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a healthy diet, regular exercise, and following a doctor’s guidance, can significantly reduce these risks. If you have concerns about your blood pressure or any symptoms, a visit to a doctor for monitoring and advice is an excellent first step.
How to check your blood pressure
You can check your blood pressure in various ways, depending on what suits you best. Visiting your doctor or a pharmacy is a reliable option, as professionals in these settings use high-quality equipment to ensure accurate results. Many pharmacies offer quick blood pressure checks without an appointment, making it convenient for regular monitoring.
For those who prefer to keep track at home, validated home blood pressure monitors are available and can be accurate when used properly. However, it’s essential to follow the instructions to avoid inconsistent readings.
Blood pressure checks are also a standard part of our private health screens, which include a comprehensive assessment of key health indicators beyond blood pressure. This can offer a broader picture of your health, making it a valuable choice for those seeking an in-depth check-up.
How to manage and treat high blood pressure
Managing high blood pressure can often involve a mix of lifestyle changes and medical treatments. While lifestyle adjustments are essential for improving heart health, some individuals may need medical intervention to control their blood pressure effectively, especially if there are underlying health issues. Here are some practical ways to manage and treat high blood pressure:
Lifestyle changes
Lifestyle modifications can make a significant difference in controlling blood pressure. Regular physical activity, such as brisk walking, swimming, or cycling, helps improve heart health and can lower blood pressure. A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains is also vital, along with reducing salt intake, as excess salt can raise blood pressure levels. Additionally, limiting alcohol intake, managing stress, and quitting smoking can all contribute to healthier blood pressure.
Medical treatment
For individuals with high blood pressure that doesn’t respond to lifestyle changes alone, medical treatments may be necessary. Doctors might prescribe medications like ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, or diuretics to help control blood pressure. These medicines work in different ways, from relaxing blood vessels to reducing water retention, and can be used alone or in combination. Treating any underlying causes, such as kidney disease or diabetes, is also important, as managing these can positively impact blood pressure. Regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider are essential to monitor progress and adjust medications if needed.
When to see a doctor
If you’re noticing persistent symptoms like headaches, chest pain, shortness of breath, or blurry vision, it could be a sign that your blood pressure is elevated. For anyone regularly measuring blood pressure at home, readings that consistently exceed 140/90 mmHg are a signal to consult a medical professional. Even if you’re not experiencing symptoms, addressing high blood pressure early can prevent complications like heart disease.
At Pall Mall, we provide a range of cardiology services designed to give you a full understanding of your heart health, including advanced 24-hour blood pressure monitoring. This service captures your blood pressure levels across different times of day, offering valuable insights that a single reading can’t provide. Should high blood pressure be identified, your doctor will discuss options for managing it, including tailored lifestyle recommendations and potential medications to address both blood pressure and any underlying causes.
Our cardiology team is here to help with personalised care, offering everything from initial consultations to long-term support for managing high blood pressure effectively.
Book a private GP appointment to check your blood pressure
Taking control of your blood pressure is an important step toward long-term health and well-being. Regular monitoring helps you stay informed about your cardiovascular health, particularly if you’re at higher risk for heart-related issues. A private GP appointment at Pall Mall allows you to quickly and conveniently check your blood pressure, discuss any symptoms, and receive guidance on managing or improving your levels.
Our team of experienced GPs is here to provide thorough, personalised care, giving you peace of mind and a proactive approach to your health. Book your appointment today to take the first step towards a healthier you!
